Source code for landlab.components.carbonate.carbonate_producer

#! /usr/bin/env python
from contextlib import contextmanager

import numpy as np

from landlab import Component

_EPSILON = 1.0e-6  # tiny negative depth avoid fast carb growth at zero depth


[docs] @contextmanager def set_numpy_err(*args, **kwds): settings = np.seterr(*args, **kwds) try: yield settings finally: np.seterr(**settings)
[docs] def smooth_heaviside(x, width=0.5, out=None): """Return a smoothed heaviside function (step function). Parameters ---------- x : array or float Dependent variable width : float (default 0.5) Width parameter for smoothing (same units as x) out : array (default None) Optional array in which to store result; must have len(x) Examples -------- >>> import numpy as np >>> np.round(smooth_heaviside(np.array([-1, 0, 1])), 3) array([ 0.018, 0.5 , 0.982]) >>> smooth_heaviside(np.array([-1, 0, 1]), width=0.0) array([ 0. , 0.5, 1. ]) """ if width > 0.0: with set_numpy_err(over="ignore"): return np.divide(1.0, (1.0 + np.exp(-2.0 / width * np.asarray(x))), out=out) else: return np.heaviside(x, 0.5)
[docs] class CarbonateProducer(Component): """Calculate marine carbonate production and deposition. Uses the growth-rate of Bosscher and Schlager (1992), which represents the vertical growth rate :math:`G` as: ..math:: G = G_m \tanh (I_0 e^{-kz} / I_k) where :math:`G_m` is the maximum growth rate, :math:`I_0` is the surface light intensity, :math:`I_k` is the saturating light intensity, :math:`z` is water depth, and :math:`k` is the light extinction coefficient. Bosscher and Schlager (1992) suggest plausible values or ranges for these parameters as follows: :math:`G_m` = 10 to 15 mm/y, :math:`I_0` = 2,000 to 2,250 micro Einsteins per square meter per second in the tropics, :math:`I_k` = 50 to 450 micro Einsteins per square meter per second, and :math:`k` = 0.04 to 0.16 m:math:`^{-1}` (corresponding to a decay depth of 6.25 to 16 m). The default values used in this component are based on these estimates. Examples -------- >>> from landlab import RasterModelGrid >>> from landlab.components import CarbonateProducer >>> grid = RasterModelGrid((3, 3)) >>> elev = grid.add_zeros("topographic__elevation", at="node") >>> sealevel = grid.add_field("sea_level__elevation", 0.0, at="grid") >>> elev[:] = -1.0 >>> cp = CarbonateProducer(grid) >>> np.round(cp.calc_carbonate_production_rate()[4], 2) 0.01 >>> elev[:] = -40.0 >>> np.round(cp.calc_carbonate_production_rate()[4], 5) 0.00091 >>> cp.sea_level = -39.0 >>> np.round(cp.calc_carbonate_production_rate()[4], 2) 0.01 >>> thickness = cp.produce_carbonate(10.0) >>> np.round(10 * grid.at_node["carbonate_thickness"][4]) 1.0 >>> thickness is grid.at_node["carbonate_thickness"] True >>> cp.run_one_step(10.0) >>> np.round(10 * thickness[4]) 2.0 References ---------- Bosscher, H., & Schlager, W. (1992). Computer simulation of reef growth. Sedimentology, 39(3), 503-512. """ _name = "CarbonateProducer" _unit_agnostic = True _info = { "sea_level__elevation": { "dtype": "float", "intent": "in", "optional": False, "units": "m", "mapping": "grid", "doc": "Sea level elevation", }, "topographic__elevation": { "dtype": "float", "intent": "inout", "optional": False, "units": "m", "mapping": "node", "doc": "Land surface topographic elevation", # and seafloor }, "carbonate_production_rate": { "dtype": "float", "intent": "out", "optional": False, "units": "m / y", "mapping": "node", "doc": "Carbonate production rate", }, "carbonate_thickness": { "dtype": "float", "intent": "out", "optional": True, "units": "m", "mapping": "node", "doc": "Carbonate thickness", }, "water_depth": { "dtype": "float", "intent": "out", "optional": False, "units": "m", "mapping": "node", "doc": "Water depth", }, }
[docs] def __init__( self, grid, max_carbonate_production_rate=0.01, extinction_coefficient=0.1, surface_light=2000.0, saturating_light=400.0, tidal_range=0.0, ): """ Parameters ---------- grid: ModelGrid (RasterModelGrid, HexModelGrid, etc.) A landlab grid object. max_carbonate_production_rate: float (default 0.01 m/y) Maximum rate of carbonate production, in m thickness per year extinction_coefficient: float (default 0.1 m^-1) Coefficient of light extinction in water column surface_light: float (default 2000.0 micro Einstein per m2 per s) Light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux density) at sea surface. saturating_light: float (default 400.0 micro Einstein per m2 per s) Saturating light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux density) tidal_range: float (default zero) Tidal range used to smooth growth rate when surface is near mean sea level. """ super().__init__(grid) self.extinction_coefficient = extinction_coefficient self.max_carbonate_production_rate = max_carbonate_production_rate self.surface_light = surface_light self.tidal_range = tidal_range self.saturating_light = saturating_light super().initialize_output_fields() self._carb_prod_rate = grid.at_node["carbonate_production_rate"] self._depth = grid.at_node["water_depth"] if "carbonate_thickness" not in grid.at_node: grid.add_zeros("carbonate_thickness", at="node") self._carbonate_thickness = grid.at_node["carbonate_thickness"]
@property def extinction_coefficient(self): return self._extinction_coefficient @extinction_coefficient.setter def extinction_coefficient(self, value): if value > 0.0: self._extinction_coefficient = float(value) else: raise ValueError("must be non-negative") @property def max_carbonate_production_rate(self): return self._max_carbonate_production_rate @max_carbonate_production_rate.setter def max_carbonate_production_rate(self, value): if value >= 0.0: self._max_carbonate_production_rate = float(value) else: raise ValueError("must be non-negative") @property def surface_light(self): return self._surface_light @surface_light.setter def surface_light(self, value): if value >= 0.0: self._surface_light = float(value) else: raise ValueError("must be non-negative") @property def tidal_range(self): return self._tidal_range @tidal_range.setter def tidal_range(self, value): if value >= 0.0: self._tidal_range = float(value) else: raise ValueError("tidal range must be non-negative") @property def saturating_light(self): return self._saturating_light @saturating_light.setter def saturating_light(self, value): if value >= 0.0: self._saturating_light = float(value) else: raise ValueError("surface light must be non-negative") @property def sea_level(self): return self.grid.at_grid["sea_level__elevation"] @sea_level.setter def sea_level(self, sea_level): self.grid.at_grid["sea_level__elevation"] = float(sea_level) def _create_carbonate_thickness_field(self): """Create and return optional carbonate_thickness field.""" return self.grid.add_zeros("carbonate_thickness", at="node")
[docs] def calc_carbonate_production_rate(self): """Update carbonate production rate and store in field. Returns ------- float array x number of grid nodes Reference to updated carbonate_production_rate field """ self._depth[:] = self.sea_level - self._grid.at_node["topographic__elevation"] self._depth.clip(min=-2.0 * self._tidal_range - _EPSILON, out=self._depth) self._carb_prod_rate[self.grid.core_nodes] = ( self._max_carbonate_production_rate * np.tanh( self.surface_light * np.exp( -self.extinction_coefficient * self._depth[self.grid.core_nodes] ) / self.saturating_light ) ) self._carb_prod_rate *= smooth_heaviside(self._depth, width=self.tidal_range) return self._carb_prod_rate
[docs] def produce_carbonate(self, dt): """Grow carbonate for one time step & add to carbonate thickness field. If optional carbonate_thickness field does not already exist, this function creates it and initializes all values to zero. Returns ------- float array x number of grid nodes Reference to updated carbonate_thickness field """ # if self._carbonate_thickness is None: # self._carbonate_thickness = self._create_carbonate_thickness_field() self.calc_carbonate_production_rate() # print(self._depth) # print(self._carb_prod_rate) added_thickness = self._carb_prod_rate * dt # print(added_thickness) self._carbonate_thickness += added_thickness # print(self._carbonate_thickness) self.grid.at_node["topographic__elevation"] += added_thickness # print(self.grid.at_node["topographic__elevation"]) return self._carbonate_thickness
[docs] def run_one_step(self, dt): """Advance by one time step. Simply calls the produce_carbonate() function. Parameters ---------- dt : float Time step duration (normally in years) """ self.produce_carbonate(dt)